Sufism

Kabir Helminski is a sheikh of the Mevlevi Order, which traces its lineage back to Rumi. He is the translator of many books on Rumi, as well as several collections of Sufi writings. Helminski has toured the world, bringing the music of Sufism and the art of the whirling dervishes to people everywhere. He is the author of two books on Sufism: "Living Presence" and "The Knowing Heart," and is the translator of Rumi's poetry collections, including "Jewels of Remembrance," "Rumi the Path of Love," and others.

Helminski talked with Beliefnet's Islam producer, Rhonda Roumani, about Rumi, Sufism, and their connection to Islam.

What is it about Rumi's poetry that has made him so popular in the United States?

The United States is an openly religious country, unlike Europe where there is a lot more cynicism toward not only religion but even toward spiritual matters. Americans are a naturally openhearted and spiritual people. Our spiritual history--the Euro-Christian legacy--has been a legacy in which the direction of our humanness and the direction of religion seem to be pointing in opposite directions.

And Rumi brings it back together by showing us that the way to God is through our humanness, through our brokenness. And only God dissolves our shame and helps us to know that we, God's creation, are profoundly loved.

Islam makes every aspect of human life sacred. Whereas there are other kinds of religious understanding which suggest that the way to God is through the denial of our humanness and the overcoming of our humanness. The Islamic way is much more that we have an inherently good nature. We're not born with original sin. Muhammad (PBUH) showed a way to incorporate the highest spiritual attainment into a very human life. And this is frankly a pretty radical and new concept within the Euro-Christian tradition, where people have denied themselves and gone to monasteries and lived with the burden of sin.

Rumi speaks to this sense that we have of our own human limitations, our own human unworthiness, and he convinces us that we are loved by God. Through the embrace of our pain, a spiritual door opens if we embrace that pain in the remembrance of God.

So, Rumi is the voice of this unconditional love. He is willing to talk about his own pain, for instance--the pain of loving God, the pain of being human. He is honest. He touches our wound. He demonstrates how a human being can be the intimate friend of God.

Rumi was a Sufi. What is Sufism, and how is it connected to Islam?

Sufism is made up of several branches. We have no serious doctrinal differences between these branches, nor is one branch in competition with another.

Sufism comes from tassawuf which means purification of the human heart without which we cannot know God. As the Qur'an says, "Indeed in the remembrance of God hearts find peace." The end of the training process of Sufism is the spiritually mature human being.

But we should understand that in every religious tradition, there are different levels. One level is the common practice of religion that they are typically born into. Within a religious tradition, there is also "the path" or "the way." The word for this in Islam is "tariqa."

Tariqa is a conscious choice that a person makes to go beyond belief to "experience." It is different than nominally belonging to a religion. In Islam, there are many tariqas. Someone who walks the path of tariqa is a Sufi.

In Islam, there is the level of Shari'ah, or religious law. The Shari'ah governs our outer actions and behaviors. Sufism has more to do with the inner understanding of those outer practices and the quality of consciousness that we bring to those practices through the development of our inner spiritual capacity, particularly through consciousness and love. This development of one's spiritual capacity is much more possible through a relationship with someone who has made this spiritual journey and can help to guide us and help us avoid the pitfalls of the journey. This person is called a "sheikh," a "guide," a "teacher," or sometimes just a "spiritual friend."

It should involve a kind of apprenticeship. There are rare examples who receive this spiritual enlightenment without a guide, without a teacher. They are called Uwaysi after Uwaysi Qarani, who Muhammad called the best of disciples.

How does traditional Islam look upon Sufism?

Sufis have had a place of respect throughout the history of traditional Islam. It has only been in relatively recent times, and through the confusion of modernity, that people within Islamic cultures have been denying the centrality of the Sufis. There have been a few times that Sufis have been on the outs--because of political reasons. But within the Mongol Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and throughout much of the Islamic world, the role of the tariqas was respected, and people at the highest levels, even the Ulema, or the learned scholars, were familiar and at ease with Sufism.

Many of the great Muslims have been Sufis: Abdul Qadir Jilani, Rabia, Al-Ghazali, Rumi, as well as four of the five founders of the recognized madhabs, or schools of law.

But when you point this out, the critics might say, "Oh, that's not who we mean by Sufis. We mean those people who are lazy and don't follow the Shar'iah or those sheikhs who create cults around themselves and manipulate people."

For instance, when someone like Muhammad Iqbal, a popular Muslim writer and thinker, suggests that Sufis stand in the way of human progress, he is talking about a degenerated Sufism that may have existed in the India of his time. Iqbal described himself as a devoted student of Rumi and asked that a makam or shrine) be built for him behind Rumi's tomb.

Imam Malik, a preeminent scholar of Islam and the originator of the Maliki school of thought, said, "To follow the shariah without tariqah is to be a zindiq (misbeliever)." And vice versa.

Those who are critical of Sufism seem to view Islam as almost a contractual relationship with God. God has spelled out his part of the deal, and human beings had better fulfill it or they will be punished. But I do not believe that this was the mentality of Muhammad (PBUH).

Sufism would be inconceivable without the Qur'an and the example of Muhammad (PBUH). So those who tried to cut themselves off from Islam by ignoring the example of Muhammad and the revelation of the Qur'an have in fact cut themselves off from the source of Sufism.

Also, those who understand Sufism as the blending of all religious traditions into some new eclectic message are approaching Sufism superficially. The source of Sufism must be understood through a deeper understanding of the Qur'an and the character of Muhammad (PBUH). And when one understands the Qur'an and the character of Muhammad (PBUH), one will also have a compassionate and tolerant viewpoint of all faiths because that is the perspective of the Qur'an. But to create a spirituality by mixing a little bit of this and that tradition doesn't do justice to any of those paths. We can respect them--but we cannot walk them all.

How does Rumi's poetry fit into Islam? What order was he a part of?

Rumi's words are inconceivable without the revelation of the Qur'an and the example of Muhammad (PBUH). Rumi received one lineage through his family and another through his teacher, Shams of Tabriz. These two lineages became the inspiration for a new lineage known as the Mevlevis, which for 700 years has attracted people with artistic and idealistic temperaments: musicians, composers, poets, calligraphers, and social reformers.

Rumi is not generally associated with Islam. Do people who read it in the West understand the Islam that underlies his poetry?

Rumi's writings fall into two basic categories. One category is the lyric poems--the gazals and rubayat. These poems are somewhat ecstatic and intoxicated. They don't often directly refer to Islamic teachings because they work in the language of metaphor and poetry. These poems also work in the conventions of classical Persian poetry, where people use the metaphors of wine and passionate love, knowing very well that they were referring to spiritual experiences and that these experiences are rooted within an Islamic context.

Nowadays, it has been these kind of poems that have been the more popular ones in America. Whereas his "Mathnawi," which has his more mature teachings and which contain references to Qur'anic ayat and hadith and Islamic practice on every page, are only now becoming popular.

Also, some of the most popular translations have had some of the Islamic references removed because they would not be intelligible to the average American.

However, Rumi's message is always about the love of God and the surrender to God. So, even when he appears to be talking about passionate love or intoxicating wine--all of this is a metaphor for the surrender to God. And that quality of surrender appeals to people in America today, and they don't realize that this surrender is Islam.

Have many people come to Islam through Rumi?

Rumi's poetry is having an enormous effect in terms of softening people's hearts toward Islam. In America today, the reputation of Sufism among Americans is almost impeccable, whereas Islam inspires fear and prejudice. But for those who know about Sufism, and for those spiritual seekers or for those who have a broader consciousness, Sufism is universally appreciated and respected.

But most people don't know how to bring Islam and Sufism together because they find the Islam they are presented with or the stereotype of Islam frightening. Rumi and Sufism seem irreconcilable with Islam, but they are deeply related. In fact, most of the people who come to Islam come to it through Sufism. The only significant exception here is the African American population, which came through another door. The vast majority of people in the West who come to Islam come to it through Sufism.

Are there Rumi sayings that have become popular in the mainstream?

For 20 years, I have watched permissions requests come into our office since we published some of the most popular Rumi translations, including those of Coleman Barks. There is something like a Top 10 Rumi quotes. The following would probably top the list:

Out beyond ideas of right doing and wrong doing,
There is a field, I'll meet you there.
When the soul lies down in that grass,
even the words "you" and "I" do not exist.

How do more traditional Muslims feel about the drinking references and the sexual imagery in Rumi's poems? What do they mean?

The Sufi literary tradition in the Persian language made use of these metaphors at a certain time to wake people up to the awesome reality of our possible relationship with God, which should be passionate and intoxicating. These great friends of God used these metaphors bravely, one could even say dangerously. It is interesting that even in Iran today, I have been told by very reliable sources, negative criticism of Rumi is unheard of, even though he wrote passages that were sometimes vulgar, though always to make a spiritual point. Today, there is more possibility for confusion in our own culture, where the metaphors are sometimes, relatively rarely, confused with their literal meaning. There is a book out called "The Love Poems of Rumi." Well, Rumi never wrote "love poems" to anyone, except maybe to his wife--I hope he did. But he wrote many poems, one might say all of them, reminding us to love God.

Did Rumi whirl? What is whirling? And why is it done?

Yes. In Islam we're taught that niyah, intention, is the foremost criterion of our actions. The intention behind whirling is to come close to God, to remove the veils, to come to our inmost center where we are closest to God. The whirling ceremony is one of the supreme aesthetic expressions, as well as a meditation in movement. But, most importantly, it is an act of worship.

its was a joy to meet you

Salam to all,

My friends met up at Chandan Gallery for a reunion - it was some 30 odd years that lapsed since I met up with them - so many hugs and so many tears that were managed to be kept inside. Nordin Mansor, Akif, Latif Karai, Yasin, Mior, Wong, Loo, Senthi, Mahadevan, friends that came into my life and enriched it, friends that passed through and touched a part of my life and friends that shaped my life.

Nordin Mansor (aka Lapok) the quiet quintessential gentlemen whom you could sense the strength of character deep inside, Latif - the small mischievous boy still waiting to be released,
Rosli - that gentle character, Senthi - the poster boy of model behaviour (boy was I surprised to see you light up). Loo - still the strong tall chap (guys how did you manage to avoid the pot belly syndrome) Yasin - that madcap character which has managed to keep it all and manage to rise above it all, Zubir - still the melancholy look, Akif - the philosophical deep penetrating gaze and questions that still strike close to home - many more - which to me is a snap shot of life and of the country that I live and love.

Too many to describe and too many to catch up with and too little time.

My friends - tis the season of our lives when we would have managed to achieve or at least fooled ourself that we have achieved in our careers. Raising a family and developing ourselves to be a better man.

My friends - let me say this - I love you - I thank you for your friendship - I thank you for the life lessons imparted - I thank you and I love you. Words fail me this time and in substitute I post the lyrics to the song by Buble - I haven't met you yet.


"I'm Not Surprised
Not Everything Lasts
I've Broken My Heart So Many Times,
I Stop Keeping Track.
Talk Myself In
I Talk Myself Out
I Get All Worked Up
And Then I Let Myself Down.

I Tried So Very Hard Not To Loose It
I Came Up With A Million Excuses
I Thought I Thought Of Every Possibility

And I Know Someday That It'll All Turn Out
You'll Make Me Work So We Can Work To Work It Out
And I Promise You Kid That I'll Give So Much More Than I Get
I Just Haven't Met You Yet

Mmmmm ....

I Might Have To Wait
I'll Never Give Up
I Guess It's Half Timing
And The Other Half's Luck
Wherever You Are
Whenever It's Right
You Come Out Of Nowhere And Into My Life

And I Know That We Can Be So Amazing
And Baby Your Love Is Gonna Change Me
And Now I Can See Every Possibility

Mmmmm ......

And Somehow I Know That It Will All Turn Out
And You'll Make Me Work So We Can Work To Work It Out
And I Promise You Kid I'll Give So Much More Than I Get
I Just Haven't Met You Yet

They Say All's Fair
And In Love And War
But I Won't Need To Fight It
We'll Get It Right
And We'll Be United

And I Know That We Can Be So Amazing
And Being In Your Life Is Gonna Change Me
And Now I Can See Every Single Possibility

Mmmm .....

And Someday I Know It'll All Turn Out
And I'll Work To Work It Out
Promise You Kid I'll Give More Than I Get
Than I Get Than I Get Than I Get

Oh You Know It'll All Turn Out
And You'll Make Me Work So We Can Work To Work It Out
And I Promise You Kid To Give So Much More Than I Get
Yeah I Just Haven't Met You Yet

I Just Haven't Met You Yet
Oh Promise You Kid
To Give So Much More Than I Get

I Said Love Love Love Love Love Love Love .....
I Just Haven't Met You Yet
Love Love Love .....
I Just Haven't Met You Yet

Cheerio this the next posting

In the tears of joy lies the tears of sorrow

Salam to All,

My secondary school friends from Form 5 1978 and Form 6 1980 (ha now you can guess my age) were planning a reunion or rebonding and whilst waiting for the big day - after all most of us had not seen each other for over 30 odd years - I reflected on the things that may have been and how this reunion came about.

Perhaps being from the same age group helps in that the taste and environment were similar and the social atmosphere reflected the times then but hey this is group of boys (78) who grew up without the internet and facebook and e mail but have taken to the technology like a swan to water.

On the eve of our gathering, I reflect on the path taken by the organisers in making this gathering/reunion of sorts. The poignant memories associated with the starting point, the birth of the idea so to speak and the sorrowful occasion that gave birth to the idea.

Some of us would remember Ahmad Sazali Nordin - our handsome sportsman. The guy who played soccer for our school and managed to represent Perak. The guy who was gregarious in nature (though at that time we did not know the meaning of the word). The sportsman. My friend.

As his friend - I am sad to say that I failed him, in that I did not visit him when he was sick and when he passed away, I did not get the chance to speak to him and seek forgiveness for the mischief that we committed together during our stay in the Boys Hostel during our time in the Cadet Corps and on one of my trips aboard MAS when he was the Chief Steward. I did not get to thank him for the life lessons he taught me - knowingly and unknowingly. Most importantly I lost touch with him. Yes we did meet on and off this past thirty years - but the time spent then, in retrospect was too short. Either we were too busy or we carried our historical baggage (a rivalry which in hindsight was not much to shout or boast about) which came between us, which became a barrier to us communicating.

I did learn from him that he had resigned from MAS as he had reached a career ceiling in that he was Chief Steward of the 747 fleet. (There was no A380 or 777 then. The 747 was the largest aircraft then in service). He had joined a friend and was doing some marketing, selling wood based products and such. Later on joined our President Faisal and worked with Faisal and Hasni and before that or was it after that with Shakib Emir.

I remember telling him 'Li - at least you made it to the top of one of your jobs - so make it happen again and it is not what post we have or that I am a lawyer, as we are all in the life to make something of ourself and our family. You are one of the hero's from our batch.We will still be friends and we have shared memories together.'

So when Megat Fuzy called me up and said that Sazali was in Hospital Bangi with intestinal cancer, I was in China attending to some matters for my employer. I resolved to visit him as soon as I got back but that was a promise that I was never able to keep. I allowed the promise to fail and I let my friend down.

So when Megat called me to say the Sazali has passed away and that he will be buried, I reflected on what I have become and what I have not. I reflected on the time together and the time lost.

Even in death I was denied seeing his face, now all I have are pictures and snapshots of him and importantly memories - warts and all. I asked myself 'did i allow all the historical baggage of petty rivalry jealousies to come between us' and I honestly have to answer YES.

Well I will put this up as 'regrets I have had a few' as in Sinatra's song and I have resolved not to have any more regrets when it comes to meeting up with my friends.
I will not allow the historical baggage of unpleasant memories get in the way. I will not allow the past to stand in the way and I will not allow anything to stop me from reconnecting with my friends, my historical friends. Of course family and career will still dictate my life but they will not stand in the way. Not anymore.

I missed the Ipoh gathering though I was the one that suggested it as I was sent to Hong Kong by my employer so I tender my humble apologies for that miss and I thank Chomel for making the event come true.

So my friends, let us remember that the idea of this gathering came from the grave yard in USJ Subang Jaya on the occasion of putting to rest a good friend.

I will start a new slate and create a new batch of memories to take back.

Congratulations to Rahman, Hilmi, Faisal, Hasni, Husni, Mael Talang Fuzy and the rest (I apologise for not mentioning you) for organizing this. Thank you for you guys for posting e mails and sharing your memories with me. Keep it coming and you will not hear any complaints from me.

May Allah bless you and I sincerely look forward to seeing ALL of you tomorrow.

--
live long and prosper

take some time out

Salam

I got this in my inbox this morning and thought may be in our Monday, we need some reminder on what we are actually going to do for the work week.

Life isn't about how to survive the storm, but how to dance in the rain!

It was a busy morning, about 8:30, when an elderly gentleman in his 80s arrived to have stitches removed from his thumb. He said he was in a hurry, as he had an appointment at 9:00 am. I took his vital signs and had him take a seat, knowing it would be over an hour before someone would be able to see him.

I saw him looking at his watch, and decided, since I was not busy with another patient, I would evaluate his wound. On examination, it was well healed, so I talked to one of the doctors, got the needed supplies to remove his sutures and redress his wound.

While taking care of his wound, I asked him if he had another doctor's appointment this morning, as he was in such a hurry. The gentleman told me no, that he needed to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his wife.

I inquired as to her health; he told me that she had been there for a while and that she was a victim of Alzheimer's Disease. As we talked, I asked if she would be upset if he was a bit late. He replied that she no longer knew who he was, that she had not recognized him in five years now. I was surprised, and asked him, 'And you still go every morning, even though she doesn't know who you are'?

He smiled as he patted my hand and said, ''She doesn't know me, but I still know who she is.'
I had to hold back tears as he left. I had goose bumps on my arms and thought, 'That is the kind of love I want in my life'.

True love is neither physical nor romantic.
True love is acceptance of all that is, has been, will be, and will not be.

With all the jokes and fun that are in e-mails, sometimes there is one that comes along that has an important message.

This one I thought I could share with you.

The happiest people don't necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the best of everything they have. I hope you share this with someone you care about. I just did.

'Life isn't about how to survive the storm, but how to dance in the rain! See all the ways you can stay connected to friends and family

Coping with criticism

Hi

I picked up this article by Patricia Spadaro which is relevant to our lives and I want to share with you.

We all get by life's slings and arrows from time to time. These can come from a resident critic - a family member, friend, or a co-worker who always finds something wrong - or as an occasional putdown that catches you by surprise. What do you do when an insult is hurled your way, privately or publicly? Do you pretend you didn't hear it or hurl an insult right back? Do you internalise it or get angry and lash out. You may not be able to stop someone's nasty words or careless actions, but you can change how you deal with those barbs. They don't have to take you down or tempt you to retaliate.

Try these healthy and empowering tips to meet insults and criticism gracefully and appropriately.

i. Acknowledge your feelings.

Pressure can build when you don't acknowledge what is bothering you. When someone hurts you, especially someone close to you, you may stuff your feelings below the surface to avoid a confrontation, but your feelings are a key part of your internal guidance system - they warn you when something is wrong. By ignoring feelings, you create a larger problem to deal with later. By accepting the messages they bring, you will be able to deal more effectively with issues from the start.

Try this : Rather than slamming a lid over your emotions, notice them as they arise - without judging yourself or blaming others for making you upset. Ask yourself: if my feelings could talk right now, what would they say? What is this feeling asking me to do? What new choices can I make to help me feel at peace about this situation?

ii. Draw Clear Boundaries with Big Critics

You get to choose who and what you will tolerate in your life. If you are in a personal or working relationship with someone who tries to whittle down or whittle away your self esteem by constantly judging and belittling you, you owe it to yourself to create boundaries and to tell that person how you feel when that happens. It is important for your well being to remove yourself from that toxic energy. It can weigh you down, stunt your creativity, and make you feel depressed or sick.

Try this: Decide on a specific action you will take if the judger in your life continues to bombard you with criticism. Clearly, lovingly, and firmly tell him or her what you will do if it happens again. For example, you may decide to leave the room, politely excuse yourself from the phone call, or, if it is serious enough, end the relationship altogether. Be sure to follow through and take that action. When you honour yourself, you are training other other people to honour you.

iii. Look for the Nugget of Truth

The people in our lives - at home, at work, or in line at the grocery - are often our mirrors. They reflect back the impact of our words and actions. Another's words though harsh or spiteful, can awaken us to an aspect of our own behaviour we have refused to own up to. Although criticism can be hard to take, you can benefit from it by looking for the nugget of truth embedded in a painful situation.

Try this: Instead of overreacting to criticism and going on the attack, summon the courage to ask yourself: Does this criticism include the tiniest morsel of truth about me that I can learn from? Then ask yourself (and even the person who criticised you) how you can do better. That missing piece of information may very well be the key to your next spiritual and emotional growth spurt.

iv Correct Lies and Statements that Sabotage

When someone spreads dangerous rumours or lies that jeopardise your job or an important relationship, you can't ignore it. This is not the time to chatter behind closed doors with friends or wring your hands with worry. This is a time for positive action. Don't blame or shame the judgers by calling them names. Instead, focus on finding resolution by clearing inaccuracies in the sabotaging statements. There may be real misunderstandings that you now have the oppurtunity to clear up with facts. For example, actress Jane Fonda started her own blog to address the many rumours that swirl around her.

Try this: To get clarity, take several deep breaths and pull out a piece of paper. On one side, write down the false statement. On the other side, write down the truth as you see it. Ask to meet in person with those who have the misunderstanding and calmly explain how you feel and what the facts really are. If necessary, also put the correction in writing and send it to those involved. Even if others do not accept the truth, you have stood up for yourself and move on.

v Problem solve from the Heart

The world's sages teach that a quiet heart can lead us to the best solutions to any issue. When you are facing the knotty problem of how to deal with someone's unkindness or sharp criticism, you will handle the situation better by moving into your heart. Do not impulsively shoot from the hip (or the mouth). Pick your favourite techique for centering before making a decision.

Try this: Get out of your head and relax heated emotions by centering in your heart. Simply close your eyes and breathe deeply, then see and feel a flame burning brightly in your heart. Or take a few minutes to recall an experience that makes you feel happy or grateful. Once you feel a real sense of joy or peace, turn back to the issue at hand. Ask yourself: "What is the best way for me to resolve this issue? What is my next step?" Then listen for the answer that arises.

Selamat Hari Raya Aidil Fitri

Salam to all,

Some of us will weep the passing of Ramadhan and some of us - well better not say it. In any event Hari Raya Aidil Fitri is upon us and the upcoming RAE exam notice will be or has been published in the national newspapers. For those that rely on the electronic media for news - go to MCMC website and download the relevant information and do remember to pay the amount for the examination.

So may all your ibadah during the Ramadhan be blessed by Allah and may the blessings of Allah be on you. Funny though during Ramadhan we show restraint, understanding and compassion but after Ramadhan - shucks - it looks like its been thrown out the window.

Anyway, Selamat Hari Raya to all and may you be safe wherever you are.

From the bottom of my heart, I seek your forgiveness if I had ever wronged any of you in any way.

73 de 9W2SBS signing off.

Its been a long time

Salam and Hi, you all.

Yeah right, I apologise and yeah I know... This blog of mine has been ignored for a long time. My apologies not that I am vain enough to think that there are readers out there.

However a redeeming feature is that, i may have been quiet on the blogging front, (here and on the other one) it appears that I've been quite active on the social utility network called Face Book and those who are my FB friends have been getting updates on what has been happening to me and my family (no not the Mafia family - my real family you know Salmiah, Azlan, Imran and Sharidan), which has been S2D2, makan ulam, being sick and what not (Er, the makan part during buka, okay?)

Ramadhan has been smooth-sailing so far, syukur alhamdulillah. The family is facing it stoically and patiently - no more questions on why we should puasa. Well I guess my kids are big enough to know about the matter. It does help that the first day of Ramadhan was a Saturday and that that the first week of Ramadhan was during the school holidays plus Alhamdullilah the weather was kind.

Sahur, too, was not a nightmare with the kids - but hey they have grown up - and yes the years pass by without us parents noticing it. My better half is indeed the blessing in this house of mine. She would prepare everything and wake all of us up at 5:00a.m for Sahur without fail, except for that one day when she fell down and hurt herself. She is okay now but for the bruises on her hand and arm.

For our berbuka, we would hunt at the USJ 4 Bazaar Ramadhan. I would look for my nasi kerabu and the family for their favorite dish.

There's one stall which sells all sorts of kueh-mueh which I like. Their kuehs are tasty, and nicely made (comel) and clean. They sell very nice Kueh Kochi and badak berendam, the wife of course would look out for kuih ceria or is it Keria?). Then there is the queue for more than half an hour for the Popiah Basah which is definitely not for me.

Well as we approach the second half of Ramadhan which incidentally brings more blessings to us, insya Allah, I wish for all my friends and enemies (i hope not to have any but then again who knows) may Allah's blessings be on you and may your fast today and yesterday be rewarded with more than just hunger and thirst.